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Comparing human rights arguments against women's suffrage and samesex marriage
Kubicová, Kateřina ; Hofmannová, Helena (advisor) ; Uhl, Pavel (referee)
This thesis focuses on the new human rights and their significance in the context of current legislation and case law. It defines their content and possibilities of their regulation, as well as provides specific cases and doctrinal concepts. The new human rights include the rights of members of the LGBTQ+ community. This thesis focuses in more detail on the topic of same- sex marriage, which is widely discussed (not only) in the Czech Republic. These marriages have not yet been allowed in our country, although the European trend is different - it is therefore appropriate to ask what the current arguments of their opponents are. They mention, for example, the historical aspects of the institution or the potential threat to traditional schemes. Its supporters, on the other hand, stress the importance of equal rights for all, regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. The thesis also uses a traditional constitutional law tool, the proportionality test, to compare these positions, which primarily weighs the importance of the rights on both sides. This paper focuses on comparing the arguments used by contemporary opponents of same-sex marriage with those historically used by opponents of women's suffrage. The primary reason for this choice is that these arguments overlap to a large extent. Yet,...
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Comparison of Women in Politics with a Focus on Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) and Germany
FLECKNOVÁ, Anna
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of women in politics during the period of the Weimar Republic and the first Czechoslovak Republic. Subsequently, it discusses the situation in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. Specifically, it focuses on the issue of granting women the right to vote and their low representation in the legislative bodies of selected countries. It also analyzes the fundamental reasons why the representation of women in politics is low and several solutions to how this persistent problem can be solved. In addition to important women not only in the Czech but also in the German political scene, it also mentions personalities who con-tributed to the emancipation of women in both countries.
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PhDr. Klára Červenková a její přínos ženám v 1. polovině 20. století
DŘEVOVÁ, Lenka
The bachelor's thesis will be introduced by outlining the term women's issues, the historical transformation of the position of women and their job opportunities. There will be reminded on development emancipation movement during 19th and 20th century. The main part deals with a life journey of high school teacher, doctor Klára Červenková (1873-1945), her study at Minerva Grammar School, at Charles University in Prague and at School of Pedagogical Studies in Prague. This bachelor´s thesis is also about pedagogical work as a high school professor with reference to the issue of lay morality. In the work is mentioned her participation in women´s clubs and political associations- Committee on Women's Suffrage and the Women's National Council. Moreover, the relationship with other activists of the emancipation movement will be described. Also, will be introduced her participation in Committee on Aid for Democratic Spain, her negative attitude to Nazism and the associated fateful stay in the Ravensbrück concentration camp.
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A Comparison of Prisoners' Voting Rights Legislation in Europe
Rozman, Jakub ; Stauber, Jakub (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
This work illustrates, in both theoretical and practical terms, the tension between the standard of democratic establishment in the form of universal suffrage and, on the other hand, the exclusion of certain groups, in this case prisoners, from the electoral process. The right to free choice is the essence of a democratic society, and any limitation to it naturally raises questions seeking appropriate justification. While the weight of an individual's voice throughout society is insignificant, and only in rare cases can an individual or a small group influence the final outcome, the right to vote also serves another function - it is a symbol of a person's status in society as a citizen. The restrictive notion of prisoners' suffrage has its roots in the antiquated concept of "civil death" and typically makes a counterfactual argument. But society has gradually undergone fundamental changes, and modern justifications are being demanded. Legal punishment is the natural implication of committing a crime, but what must a person commit in order to have his or her citizenship temporarily or forever diminished in liberal democracies that espouse values such as equality, inclusiveness, and the right to self- determination?
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Riscs of remote internet voting from the perspective of voting rights
Chmelíková, Tereza ; Brunclík, Miloš (advisor) ; Mlejnek, Josef (referee)
Remote internet voting is a phenomenon of modern democratic societies. This topic has slowly become an important and frequent subject of political research. Thus, the aim of the thesis was to analyse this inovative, but yet controversial, method of voting from the standpoint of voting rights. The first of the thesis is concern on the general theory of elections and legal concept of voting rights to understand the meaning of elements of voting rights. The second part of the thesis comprises three case studies on countries which have already organised the remote internet voting in some types of elections: Estonia, Switzerland and the Netherlands. These chapters have proved several issues and variables between particular e-voting systems, such as the possibility of casting e-votes repeatedly, who is allowed to use internet voting or where votes can be cast on-line. The main goal of the thesis was to provide a clear set of potentional barriers of remote internet voting for an accomplishment of democratic suffrage in cases of these three countries and evaluate the possibilities of the idea of remote internet voting used in the electoral system of the Czech Republic. Thus, the third part of the thesis was focused on the case of the Czech republic and main principles of vote suffrage. The author...
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The Question of Race in the American Women's Suffrage Movement and the Works of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
Géryk, Jan ; Gelnarová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kubátová, Hana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the question of race in the discourse of representatives of the woman suffrage movement in the USA. Its goal is to find out how was the theme of race used in the effort of women to achieve the right to vote, where the main focus is on the discourse of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony as the leading figures of white middle class American feminism and suffragism. The thesis uses the method of critical discourse analysis and tries to find out how were black men, black women, or white women themselves (in order to compare themselves with other groups of people) presented by the authors during the campaign for the voting rights. Very important for the thesis is the relation text-context, the relation between speeches or articles of the authors and social conditions of the period. That is why this thesis deals with the wider context of authors' discourse, especially with the history of voting rights in the USA and the history of woman rights movement. The description in the thesis starts before the American Civil War, then it goes through the Reconstruction period, when the important constitutional amendments were passed, through 1870s and 1880s, to the end of the 19th century, when the Southern states introduced new limitations of the voting rights. The aim of...
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Czech women from the lower classes at the turn of the 20th century. Self-concept, goals, successes.
Landsmannová, Anna ; Pokorná, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Koura, Petr (referee)
1 ABSTRACT This report discusses Czech lower-class women at the turn of the nineteenth century with a special focus on their self-concept, goals and accomplishments. The main sources used for the examination of these aspects were the issues of three women's magazines, namely "Ženské listy", "Ženský svět" a "Ženský list", from 1901 to 1905. The report predominantly concerns women who were producing literary sources, particularly workwomen. Due to the lack of literary sources created by certain lower-class woman groups, such as prostitutes, beggarwomen and midwives, these groups were only discussed briefly. To contextualise the situation of Czech women at the turn of the nineteenth century, the report also outlines women's emancipation movements from the second half of the nineteenth century until the establishment of Czechoslovakia, particularly focusing on the period of 1897-1907. The result of the juxtaposition of the three sources, each concentrating on a different aspect of womanhood, provides a comprehensive overview of the situation of poor women from this period. The socialist magazine "Ženský list" was the most useful source for the research of lower-class woman self-concept and goals. It helped identify that most efforts of lower-class women were directed at the adjustment of woman and child work...
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Women's emancipation in France: social pressure and legislative changes
Barthová, Tereza ; Jančík, Jiří (advisor) ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the emancipation of French women in multiple areas of their lives. It concerns girls' access to education and co-education of boys and girls. The next chapter informs about how women acquired rights in their work-lives, and digs deeper into professions, in which is woman's position somehow specific. The following section presents women's access to positions of power and the acquisition of suffrage. In the next chapters we deal with the private life of women. We are interested in how they achieved the equal status in their family lives and how the role of a mother changed. The last topic of this bachelor thesis is the violence against women. The goal of this thesis is to map out which important events and social demands lead to liberation of women from inferior status. KEYWORDS women's emancipation, feminism, suffrage, education, politics, France
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Voting rights or voting wrongs? Voter suppression in the USA: Case study of Georgia
Barková, Tereza ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Kozák, Kryštof (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of voter suppression in Georgia. It is divided into historical and contemporary part. Within historical part, it analyzes relevant laws, constitutional amendments and court rulings that were behind gradual expansion of voting rights. It also focuses on discriminatory measures enacted in Jim Crow era, such as poll taxes, tests of literacy, white primaries or disenfranchisement for committing certain types of felonies. Historical part closes with the 2013 US Supreme Court decision in Shelby County v. Holder which ended federal preclearance of Georgia's changes in election laws, resulting in enaction of new barriers for the exercise of voting rights. Current methods of voter suppression in Georgia include strict registration rules, voter identification requirements, voter roll purges, unsatisfactory accessibility and functionality of poll places and disenfranchisement of felons. Thesis concludes that these barriers disproportionally affect minorities and poor voters. Moreover, thesis identifies main strategies used by local civil rights organizations in the fight against voter suppression - litigation, legislative lobbying and mobilization, education and empowerment of the voters.
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Využití hlasovacího systému Demokracie 21
Jirásková, Michaela
The thesis is focused on application and use of voting system Democracy 21. The aim of the thesis is to create a simulation of voting system in Kobylí by using questionnaire survey and to evaluate its implementation in real life based on the survey results. First part of the thesis focuses on theoretical knowledge of public vote with purpose of comparing voting systems that are presented in this section. Second part introduces my own work. It contains the analysis of successful projects that used voting system Democracy 21 in Czech Republic, questionnaire survey among residents of Kobylí, evaluation of collected data and subsequent con-sultation of the collected data with representatives of the local authority.
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